Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of most cellular ATP via aerobic respiration

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

A genetic mutation causes a lysosomal enzyme deficiency, leading to accumulation of glycolipids in nerve cells. Which disease is most likely described?

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 4

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for resisting pulling forces and is composed of tetramer fibrils twisted together?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 5

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the main event of this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; DNA is replicated to ensure each daughter cell receives a full set of genetic material

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of semiconservative DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old (parental) strand and one new strand

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

rRNA forms the core of the ribosome and catalyzes peptide bond formation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between codons, anticodons, and triplets?

Accepted Answer

Triplets are DNA base sequences, codons are mRNA base sequences, and anticodons are tRNA base sequences

Question 9

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell MOST likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid metabolism and detoxification

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the detoxification reaction catalyzed by peroxisomal catalase?

Accepted Answer

$$2 H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2 H_2O + O_2$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for enzymes involved in ATP production

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating intracellular transport

Question 13

A scientist observes a cell with a prominent nucleolus. What is the primary function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosome subunits

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of centrioles during cell division?

Accepted Answer

They organize microtubules to form the mitotic spindle

Question 15

Which of the following is a key event during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate

Question 16

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a programmed process that removes unneeded or damaged cells without causing inflammation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for absorption

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Both have a '9 + 2' arrangement of microtubules

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the production and export of a secretory protein?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Secretory vesicle → Plasma membrane

Cell Structure, Function, and the Cell Cycle: ANP College Study Guide

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