Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a flexible, dynamic structure with proteins embedded in or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a 2% NaCl solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell into the hypertonic solution.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

As a cell increases in diameter, its volume increases faster than its surface area, limiting efficient exchange with the environment.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 7

A cell is observed to engulf a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane, forming a vesicle. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 10

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between neighboring cells, such as in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Copying DNA into mRNA in the nucleus

Question 16

A mutation that changes a single base pair in DNA is called:

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates cell-cell recognition and protection

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical expression of traits.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

It contains an amine group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group.

Question 20

Which of the following codons serves as the start codon for translation in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Cellular Structure, Function, and Division: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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