Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system as illustrated in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Which division of the nervous system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for forming myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system, as shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

Which neuron type, as shown in the images, is most commonly associated with sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

Question 5

In the context of the nervous system organization, which division is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths insulate axons and allow saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier

Question 7

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes its membrane potential to change from $$-70\ \mathrm{mV} to$$ $$-55\ \mathrm{mV}. $$What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 8

Which of the following is the main contributor to the resting membrane potential ($$V_m) of a $$neuron?

Accepted Answer

High permeability to $$K^+$$ due to numerous leak channels

Question 9

Which type of ion channel opens in response to the binding of a neurotransmitter, as shown in the chemically gated ion channel diagram?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated (ligand-gated) channel

Question 10

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their right arm, but involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion are unaffected. Which division of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na$$^+$$ out and 2 K$$^+ in$$, maintaining ion gradients across the membrane

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for a reflex arc involving sensory input and motor output?

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptor → sensory neuron → integration center → motor neuron → effector

Question 13

Which of the following neuron types is most likely to be found in the retina of the eye, based on its structure?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 14

If a neuron’s membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting value (e.g., from $$-70\ \mathrm{mV} to$$ $$-90\ \mathrm{mV}$$), what is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a resting neuron is negative relative to the outside?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to K$$^+$$, which diffuses out, leaving behind negatively charged proteins

Question 16

Which region of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the chemical environment around neurons

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of opening voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$ rushes into the cell, causing depolarization

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the location of voltage-gated calcium channels in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

They are located in the secretory region (axon terminals)

Question 20

A patient has damage to Schwann cells. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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