Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of signals between the brain and the limbs. Which part of the nervous system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Question 3

Which structure is a localized collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ganglion

Question 4

Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials more rapidly than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump and its role in maintaining resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It moves three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 7

A neuron receives a stimulus that opens ligand-gated sodium channels. If the membrane potential reaches $$-55\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what will happen next?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels will open, causing rapid depolarization.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

If the threshold is reached, an action potential of the same size always occurs.

Question 9

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 10

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their arm but can still sweat and maintain heart rate. Which division of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They regulate ion concentrations, help form the blood-brain barrier, and remove excess neurotransmitters.

Question 12

Which of the following ion channels opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated ion channel

Question 13

During an action potential, what is the primary cause of repolarization of the neuron membrane?

Accepted Answer

Efflux of potassium ions

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Control of smooth muscle and glandular tissue in the digestive system

Question 15

A graded potential is generated in a neuron. Which of the following is TRUE about graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are local changes in membrane potential that can trigger an action potential if large enough.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the distribution of ions at resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of potassium ions is higher inside the cell than outside.

Question 18

Which glial cell type is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 19

A patient presents with a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which cell type is most likely being targeted by the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon terminal in neuronal communication?

Accepted Answer

It propagates the action potential to the next cell via synaptic transmission.

Chapter 12: The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards