Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hematocrit, red blood cell volume, and total blood volume?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{RBC Volume}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are highly efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Their biconcave shape increases surface area relative to volume, and they lack mitochondria, so they do not consume the oxygen they transport.

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show a low hematocrit and large, pale erythrocytes. Which deficiency is most likely responsible for these findings?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 3

Which of the following is a direct result of the activation of thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 4

A person with type AB blood is considered a universal recipient for transfusions because:

Accepted Answer

Their plasma lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a hormone carrier and contributes to plasma osmotic pressure.

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which mechanism best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys

Question 7

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion. Which of the following is the most immediate risk?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor red blood cells

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hematocrit, red blood cell volume, and total blood volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{RBC Volume}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which digests fibrin

Question 11

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal beta chains of hemoglobin is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the formation of a temporary plug at the site of vessel injury

Question 13

Which pathway of coagulation is triggered by tissue factor (TF) and is faster because it bypasses several steps?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 14

A patient with liver disease is at increased risk for bleeding because:

Accepted Answer

The liver cannot synthesize adequate clotting factors.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of transferrin in the body?

Accepted Answer

It transports iron in the blood.

Question 16

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for mounting an immune response against virus-infected cells and tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 17

A patient with a WBC count of 15,000/μl is most likely experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs.

Question 20

Which of the following is a possible consequence of excessive erythropoietin (EPO) use by athletes?

Accepted Answer

Increased hematocrit, leading to risk of clotting, stroke, or heart failure

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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