Question 1

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical reactivity of an atom, and how does its arrangement relate to the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Electron; its arrangement in the valence shell determines if the atom follows the octet rule.

Question 2

Refer to the first image. How many electrons, protons, and neutrons are present in the atom shown?

Accepted Answer

2 electrons, 2 protons, 2 neutrons

Question 3

Based on the second image, which subatomic particle varies in number among the three hydrogen isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Question 4

Which hydrogen isotope is most abundant in nature, given the atomic weight of hydrogen is 1.008?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen-1 (protium)

Question 5

What is the term for an atom that is unstable and decomposes into a more stable form, as shown in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Radioisotope

Question 6

Refer to the third image. What type of chemical reaction is represented by the equation $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 7

Why is the overall reaction for cellular respiration (as shown in the third image) not reversible in body cells?

Accepted Answer

Because the energy released is used immediately and the products are removed from the cell.

Question 8

Refer to the fourth image. If blood becomes more acidic, which direction does the equilibrium shift, and what is the effect on $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium shifts to the left; $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions are removed.

Question 9

What property of water allows it to resist sudden changes in temperature, which is important for homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 10

Refer to the fifth image. Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in a watery environment?

Accepted Answer

Because the polar heads face water and the nonpolar tails face each other, avoiding water.

Question 11

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and supply

Question 12

What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1$$

Question 13

Which molecule is the basis for all steroids formed in the body?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 14

Refer to the sixth image. What is the term for the process that causes the egg white to coagulate when cooking?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 15

Which environmental condition, besides temperature, can cause a protein to lose its three-dimensional shape?

Accepted Answer

Change in pH

Question 16

What is the special name for the covalent bond that joins amino acids together in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 17

What is the building block (monomer) of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 18

If the sequence of bases along one strand of DNA is CCGGATTGCCA, what is the sequence on the other strand?

Accepted Answer

GGCCAATCCGG

Question 19

What kind of bonds connect the base pairs of the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 20

When ATP molecules are 'spent,' the energy in the terminal phosphate bond is released and used to power work in the cell. Is the conversion of ATP to ADP an exergonic or endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – ANP Study Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards