Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of digestive enzymes

Question 2

A patient presents with dehydration and low blood pressure. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

The renal hilum is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The opening where the renal artery, vein, ureter, nerves, and lymphatics enter or exit the kidney

Question 4

Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for filtering blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Renal corpuscle

Question 5

What is the correct formula for net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = GHP - (CHP + BCOP)$$

Question 6

If the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) is 55 mm Hg, the capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is 15 mm Hg, and the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) is 30 mm Hg, what is the net filtration pressure (NFP)?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = 55 - (15 + 30) = 10 mm Hg$$

Question 7

Which of the following would most likely result if the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is too high?

Accepted Answer

Needed substances pass too quickly and are not reabsorbed

Question 8

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the majority of tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 9

A patient is given a drug that constricts the afferent arteriole of the nephron. What is the most likely effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

GFR will decrease

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

ADH inserts aquaporins in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, increasing water reabsorption

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of urine flow from the nephron to the outside of the body?

Accepted Answer

Collecting duct → calyces → ureter → bladder → urethra

Question 12

Which of the following would be a likely finding in a urinalysis of a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Presence of glucose

Question 13

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for maintaining the renal medullary osmotic gradient?

Accepted Answer

Both countercurrent multiplication and countercurrent exchange

Question 14

A patient has a mutation that causes the podocytes in the glomerulus to lose their foot processes. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased filtration of large proteins into the urine

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the kidneys are considered retroperitoneal organs?

Accepted Answer

They are located behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely occur if the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) increases significantly?

Accepted Answer

Net filtration pressure (NFP) would decrease

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of afferent arterioles

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the renal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Site of urine production, filtration, and reabsorption

Question 19

A patient is found to have high levels of plasma creatinine. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Impaired kidney function

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct relationship for urine formation in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Urine} = 	ext{Glomerular Filtration} + 	ext{Secretion} - 	ext{Reabsorption}$$

Chapter 26: The Urinary System – Structure, Function, and Physiology

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