Q: Which equation best represents the enzymatic hydrolysis of a disaccharide (e.g., sucrose) into monosaccharides?

$$\text{Sucrose} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{sucrase}} \text{Glucose} + \text{Fructose}$$

Q: Which equation represents the activation of pepsinogen in the stomach?

$$\text{Pepsinogen} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{Pepsin}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the absorption of water in the intestines?

$$\text{Water}_{\text{lumen}} \rightarrow \text{Water}_{\text{enterocyte}} \rightarrow \text{Water}_{\text{blood}}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the digestion of triglycerides by pancreatic lipase?

$$\text{Triglyceride} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{pancreatic lipase}} \text{Monoglyceride} + 2\text{Fatty acids}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum?

$$\text{Vitamin B}_{12} + \text{Intrinsic Factor} \rightarrow \text{Absorption in Ileum}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Question 2

The GI tract wall consists of four layers. Which layer is primarily responsible for peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis

Question 3

During swallowing (deglutition), what is the role of the epiglottis?

Accepted Answer

It flips downward to seal off the larynx, preventing food from entering the airway

Question 4

Which cell type in the gastric glands is responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 5

What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats

Question 6

Which equation best represents the enzymatic hydrolysis of a disaccharide (e.g., sucrose) into monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Sucrose} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{sucrase}} 	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{Fructose}$$

Question 7

Which structure increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Villi

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor would most likely have difficulty absorbing which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of segmentation in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Mixing contractions of circular smooth muscle only

Question 10

During the cephalic phase of digestion, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Gastric secretion and motility are stimulated by sensory receptors in the head

Question 11

Which equation represents the activation of pepsinogen in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pepsinogen} + 	ext{HCl} ightarrow 	ext{Pepsin}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding absorption of lipids in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are packaged into chylomicrons and absorbed into lacteals

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Complete absorption of water

Question 14

Which equation best represents the absorption of water in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water}_{	ext{lumen}} ightarrow 	ext{Water}_{	ext{enterocyte}} ightarrow 	ext{Water}_{	ext{blood}}$$

Question 15

A patient has a blockage at the duodenal papilla. Which digestive secretions would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Bile and pancreatic enzymes

Question 16

Which equation best represents the digestion of triglycerides by pancreatic lipase?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Triglyceride} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{pancreatic lipase}} 	ext{Monoglyceride} + 2	ext{Fatty acids}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the portal triad in the liver?

Accepted Answer

It contains a bile duct, hepatic arteriole, and hepatic portal venule

Question 18

Which equation best represents the absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Vitamin B}_{12} + 	ext{Intrinsic Factor} ightarrow 	ext{Absorption in Ileum}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the defecation reflex?

Accepted Answer

It is initiated by stretch receptors in the sigmoid colon

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards