Q: Which of the following best describes the pathway for thyroid hormone regulation?

$$\text{Hypothalamus} \rightarrow \text{TRH} \rightarrow \text{Anterior pituitary} \rightarrow \text{TSH} \rightarrow \text{Thyroid gland} \rightarrow \text{Thyroid hormones}$$

Question 1

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of gigantism. Which hormone is most likely overproduced, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone from the anterior pituitary

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the pathway for thyroid hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hypothalamus} ightarrow 	ext{TRH} ightarrow 	ext{Anterior pituitary} ightarrow 	ext{TSH} ightarrow 	ext{Thyroid gland} ightarrow 	ext{Thyroid hormones}$$

Question 4

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 5

A patient with diabetes insipidus is likely to have a deficiency in which hormone, and what is a primary symptom?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); excessive urination

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 8

A patient with hypoparathyroidism is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia, leading to muscle tetany

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

Question 10

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

A patient with Grave’s disease is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms due to excess thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Elevated metabolic rate, weight loss, and exophthalmos

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of insulin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 14

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 15

Which hormone stimulates milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 16

A patient with Addison’s disease is likely to have a deficiency in which hormone, and what is a common symptom?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol; low blood glucose and fatigue

Question 17

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver

Question 19

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in males?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 20

A patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Water retention and hyponatremia

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