Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath around axons, facilitating rapid signal transmission.

Question 2

A neuron with a single process that splits into two branches, one extending to the periphery and one to the CNS, is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 3

Which neuroglia cell type is responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier and providing structural support in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 4

During a reflex arc, which neuron is found entirely within the central nervous system and is responsible for integrating sensory input and coordinating motor output?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Question 5

Which of the following structures is the site where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with another cell?

Accepted Answer

Presynaptic end bulb (axon terminal)

Question 6

Which connective tissue covering surrounds individual axons within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 7

A patient presents with demyelination in the CNS. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune defense cells, removing pathogens and debris.

Question 9

Which structure of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 10

The gaps between adjacent Schwann cells along a myelinated axon are known as:

Accepted Answer

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto d ($$velocity is proportional to diameter)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 13

A multipolar neuron can be identified by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Multiple dendrites and a single axon

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where action potentials are initiated.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between the CNS and PNS myelination?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons in the CNS, while Schwann cells myelinate single axons in the PNS.

Question 16

Which connective tissue layer bundles groups of axons into fascicles within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Perineurium

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities and help circulate CSF.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at presynaptic end bulb, neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft, neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia, regulating the environment.

Question 20

A patient has a loss of sensation in a region of skin. Which type of neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar sensory neuron

Histology and Organization of Nervous Tissue: Neurons and Neuroglia

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