Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

$$BMI = \frac{\text{Weight (kg)}}{[\text{Height (m)}]^2}$$

Q: A person consumes 100 grams of carbohydrates, 50 grams of protein, and 20 grams of lipids in a meal. What is the total caloric intake from these macronutrients?

$$100 \times 4 + 50 \times 4 + 20 \times 9 = 690$$ kcal

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of three- and four-carbon compounds into glucose, primarily in the liver and specific kidney cells.

Question 2

During the post-absorptive state, which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 3

Which of the following substrates CANNOT be used for gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 4

What is the main function of the citric acid cycle in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To generate NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why fatty acids cannot be converted into glucose?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA is irreversible, and acetyl-CoA cannot be used to synthesize glucose.

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the storage of excess glucose as glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 7

A patient has not eaten for 8 hours. Which metabolic processes are most active in maintaining their blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{	ext{Weight (kg)}}{[	ext{Height (m)}]^2}$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the absorptive state is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids.

Question 10

Which of the following is a product of protein catabolism that is excreted from the body?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Question 11

A person consumes 100 grams of carbohydrates, 50 grams of protein, and 20 grams of lipids in a meal. What is the total caloric intake from these macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

$$100 	imes 4 + 50 	imes 4 + 20 	imes 9 = 690$$ kcal

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of leptin in long-term regulation of feeding?

Accepted Answer

Leptin inhibits neurons in the hunger center and stimulates neurons in the satiety center.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 14

Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

BMR is the minimal rate of metabolism for an awake individual.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why indirect calorimetry can be used to estimate metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

It measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, which are directly related to metabolic activity.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of lipogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol.

Question 17

Which of the following is a possible fate of excess dietary amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They are converted to glucose, fatty acids, or eliminated in fecal matter if not used.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of ghrelin on feeding behavior?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin stimulates neurons in the hunger center to produce neuropeptide Y and orexins, increasing appetite.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about energy balance is correct?

Accepted Answer

A positive energy balance occurs when total Calories consumed are greater than energy expended.

Metabolism and Energy Balance: Anabolism, Catabolism, and Regulation

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