Question 1

Which property of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original shape after being stretched or contracted?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity

Question 2

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their heart muscle. Which characteristic of cardiac muscle explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

It is involuntary

Question 3

You are examining a muscle tissue under a microscope and observe no striations and a single nucleus per cell. Which type of muscle tissue are you most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 4

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 5

Arrange the following structures from superficial to deep: muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament.

Accepted Answer

Muscle → Fascicle → Muscle fiber → Myofibril → Myofilament

Question 6

During muscle contraction, which structure shortens?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 7

Which protein blocks the myosin binding sites on actin in a relaxed muscle?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin

Question 8

A rare condition causes myosin to clump in skeletal muscle. What would you expect to see in the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

The thick filament would form protein clumps

Question 9

Which region of the sarcomere contains only thin filaments and shortens during contraction?

Accepted Answer

I band

Question 10

What is the role of calcium ions in the process of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They bind to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose myosin binding sites

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in excitation-contraction coupling?

Accepted Answer

Action potential travels down sarcolemma and T-tubules → Ca$$^{2+}$$ released from sarcoplasmic reticulum → Ca$$^{2+}$$ binds troponin → Tropomyosin moves → Myosin binding sites exposed

Question 12

During an action potential in a muscle fiber, which ion moves into the cell to cause depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$

Question 13

What would happen if acetylcholinesterase was inhibited at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction would be prolonged due to continued stimulation

Question 14

Which step of the cross-bridge cycle is directly powered by the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Cocking of the myosin head

Question 15

If a muscle completely runs out of ATP during contraction, what would happen?

Accepted Answer

After the power stroke, the myosin would remain bound to the actin

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT found in the A band of a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Z disc

Question 17

Which structure in a muscle fiber has the greatest total surface area and is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin prevents myosin heads from binding to actin in the absence of calcium

Question 19

Which of the following is a contractile protein of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Actin

Question 20

Which protein contributes to the structural integrity and elasticity of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Titin

Muscle Tissue and Physiology: Structure and Function

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