Question 1

During embryonic development, which structure gives rise to the neuron cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Neural crest

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Providing major nutrition to the brain

Question 3

A patient presents with loss of memory and personality changes. Which disease is most likely responsible, and what is a possible cellular mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's Disease; destruction of neurons possibly due to malfunctioning proteases

Question 4

Which meningeal layer is tightly attached to the brain and spinal cord, providing structural support?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 5

The decussation of pyramids occurs in which part of the brain, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata; 90% of nerves cross to the opposite side

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for the unconscious integration of muscle movements and is affected in Parkinson’s Disease?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia (nuclei)

Question 7

A lumbar puncture is performed to collect CSF. Which space is the needle inserted into?

Accepted Answer

Subarachnoid space

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular system?

Accepted Answer

Keeps the individual awake and maintains muscle tone

Question 9

Which artery forms part of the Circle of Willis and is crucial for cerebral blood supply?

Accepted Answer

Internal carotid artery

Question 10

A patient has difficulty with learned motor skills such as typing. Which area of the cerebrum is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Premotor cortex

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the choroid plexus?

Accepted Answer

It is a weak link in the blood-brain barrier

Question 12

Which structure is involved in emotional control, long-term memory, and includes the hippocampus and amygdala?

Accepted Answer

Limbic system

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 14

Which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily responsible for motor function?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Integrates sensory and motor information to coordinate movement

Question 16

Which area of the brain is involved in language comprehension?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke’s area

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the spinal cord’s gray matter?

Accepted Answer

Posterior horns contain somatic sensory neurons toward the tip

Question 18

A patient experiences a loss of blood flow to the brain due to a ruptured blood vessel. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrovascular attack (CVA)

Question 19

Which of the following tracts connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

Commissural fibers

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between CSF pressure ($$P_{CSF}$$), volume ($$V_{CSF}$$), and compliance ($$C) in $$the cranial cavity?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{CSF} = \frac{V_{CSF}}{C}$$

Nervous System: Development, Anatomy, and Function

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