$$3\ \text{Na}^+\ \text{out},\ 2\ \text{K}^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of neuroglia in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They support, nourish, and maintain the environment for neurons.

Question 2

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing muscle weakness and vision problems. Which cellular structure is primarily affected in MS?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath in the CNS

Question 3

During the depolarizing phase of an action potential, which ion moves into the neuron, and what is the resulting change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Na+ moves in, causing depolarization

Question 4

Which equation best represents the activity of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ 	ext{Na}^+\ 	ext{out},\ 2\ 	ext{K}^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 5

Which type of conduction is fastest in neurons and why?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction, because action potentials jump from node to node

Question 6

A local anesthetic such as lidocaine blocks which ion channel, and what is the effect on nerve conduction?

Accepted Answer

Sodium channel; prevents action potential propagation

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the repair of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells form a regeneration tube that guides axonal regrowth.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential of a neuron is negative?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to K+ than Na+

Question 9

Which equation represents the threshold potential required to initiate an action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$-55\ 	ext{mV}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 11

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes ligand-gated ion channels to open. What type of potential is generated?

Accepted Answer

Graded potential

Question 12

Which of the following statements about neuroglia is correct?

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia can divide and are involved in tumor formation.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuroglial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte – myelinate axons in the CNS

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, an action potential occurs fully or not at all.

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of the absolute refractory period in neurons?

Accepted Answer

A neuron cannot generate another action potential regardless of stimulus strength.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters can be removed by diffusion, enzymatic degradation, or uptake by cells.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of tetanus toxin on neurons?

Accepted Answer

It disrupts inhibitory neurotransmitter release, causing continuous muscle contraction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

It consists mainly of cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disease that uses axonal transport to reach neuron cell bodies?

Accepted Answer

Rabies

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions