Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between appositional and interstitial growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth adds new cartilage to the surface by chondroblasts in the perichondrium, while interstitial growth expands cartilage from within by division of chondrocytes and secretion of matrix.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bone fracture. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events in bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Fibrocartilaginous callus formation → Bony callus formation → Bone remodeling

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

A 10-year-old child is diagnosed with rickets. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate mineralization of bone matrix due to vitamin D deficiency or insufficient calcium

Question 5

Which of the following best describes Wolff’s law?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows or remodels in response to the mechanical stresses placed upon it.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct pairing of joint type and example?

Accepted Answer

Syndesmosis – distal tibiofibular joint

Question 7

Which of the following movements is unique to the thumb and allows humans to grasp objects?

Accepted Answer

Opposition

Question 8

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune inflammation of the synovial membrane

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the shoulder joint is more prone to dislocation than the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

The shoulder joint is stabilized mainly by muscle tendons, while the hip joint is stabilized by a deep socket and strong ligaments.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a site for osteogenic cells and provides a surface for the attachment of tendons and ligaments.

Question 11

During muscle contraction, which of the following events occurs according to the sliding filament model?

Accepted Answer

The I bands and H zones shorten, but the A bands remain the same length.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions bind to troponin, causing a conformational change that moves tropomyosin and exposes myosin-binding sites on actin.

Question 13

A muscle is contracting and generating force, but its length does not change. What type of contraction is this?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 14

Which of the following pathways provides the fastest means of regenerating ATP during the initial seconds of intense muscle activity?

Accepted Answer

Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate: $$\mathrm{ADP + CP \rightarrow ATP + Creatine}$$

Question 15

Which muscle fiber type is most resistant to fatigue and is best suited for endurance activities such as marathon running?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of smooth muscle compared to skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle uses calmodulin instead of troponin to bind calcium ions.

Question 17

A patient is unable to relax their muscle after contraction, resulting in sustained contraction. Which of the following is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

The reuptake of $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why resistance exercise leads to muscle hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

It increases the size of muscle fibers by increasing the number of myofibrils, mitochondria, and glycogen stores.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the regeneration of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has no regenerative ability and is replaced by scar tissue after injury.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ ions to regulate muscle contraction.

Study Guide: Bones, Joints, and Muscle Tissue (Chapters 6, 8, 9)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards