Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS) compared to the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS exclusively carries out integrative functions, such as decision-making, while the PNS performs sensory and motor functions.

Question 2

A patient presents with damage to the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe. Which deficit would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired planning and execution of voluntary movements.

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexuses

Question 4

During REM sleep, which of the following physiological changes occurs?

Accepted Answer

Muscle paralysis and increased heart rate

Question 5

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing somatosensory information such as touch, vibration, and joint position?

Accepted Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 6

Aphasia is most likely to result from damage to which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

Broca’s area or Wernicke’s area

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the blood brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells, limiting passage of substances from blood to brain.

Question 8

Which brain region is most active during emotionally charged dreams in REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Limbic system

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the spinal cord’s internal anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter is internal and white matter is superficial.

Question 10

A person is unable to recognize faces but can still identify objects by name. Which hemisphere and cortical region is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Right temporal cortex

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinates ongoing voluntary movement to reduce motor error

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pathway for visual stimuli processing?

Accepted Answer

Retina → thalamus → primary visual cortex → association areas

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between frequency ($$f) $$and amplitude ($$A) of $$brain waves during wakefulness and sleep?

Accepted Answer

$$A_{awake}  f_{sleep}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Directly stimulates muscle contractions

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of memory consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory, often enhanced by association and emotion

Question 16

Which meningeal layer is the thickest and toughest, providing the most protection to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the brain requires about 20% of total blood flow during rest?

Accepted Answer

The brain has a high metabolic demand and requires constant delivery of oxygen and nutrients.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of a spinal reflex processed by the spinal cord alone?

Accepted Answer

Pulling your hand away from a hot stove before feeling pain

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the association areas in the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Integrate multiple types of sensory stimuli for higher-level functions such as recognition and spatial awareness

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between the volume of cerebrospinal fluid ($$V_{CSF}) $$and the buoyancy force ($$F_{buoyancy}) $$exerted on the brain?

Accepted Answer

$$F_{buoyancy} \propto V_{CSF}$$

The Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Integration

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