Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the dartos and cremaster muscles in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the temperature of the testes by contracting or relaxing.

Question 2

During spermatogenesis, which process reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 4

A patient presents with infertility due to a blockage in the ductus deferens. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the bulbourethral glands?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of alkaline fluid to neutralize acidic urine in the urethra

Question 6

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the usual site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 7

What is the main effect of high estrogen levels on the anterior pituitary during the midcycle of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of a surge in LH release

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the corpus luteum degenerates if pregnancy does not occur?

Accepted Answer

Falling levels of LH

Question 9

A woman experiences a sudden drop in progesterone and estrogen levels near the end of her cycle. What is the most immediate consequence in the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Shedding of the stratum functionalis (menstruation)

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the uterine (menstrual) cycle?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual phase → Proliferative phase → Secretory phase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of Sertoli (sustentacular) cells in the seminiferous tubules?

Accepted Answer

Support and nourish developing sperm cells

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics such as increased muscle mass and deepening of the voice?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 13

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of the blood-testis barrier. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The immune system may attack developing sperm cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of prostaglandins in semen?

Accepted Answer

Decrease the viscosity of cervical mucus and stimulate reverse peristalsis in the uterus

Question 15

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the activity of the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

Luteal phase

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why only one secondary oocyte is typically ovulated each month?

Accepted Answer

FSH and LH stimulate the growth of several follicles, but only one becomes dominant and completes meiosis I

Question 17

Which of the following is a homologous structure to the male bulbourethral gland in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Greater vestibular gland

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Which symptom is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with urination due to urethral compression

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of progesterone on the uterus during the secretory phase?

Accepted Answer

Promotes further development of the endometrium and formation of the cervical mucus plug

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the pathway of sperm from the site of production to the exterior of the body?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubule → epididymis → ductus deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra

The Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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