Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Proteins

Biochemistry

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Proteins

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Multiple Choice

Cytochromes can best be described as:

structural proteins that provide support to cellular membranes

enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds

heme-containing proteins that function as electron carriers in the electron transport chain

storage proteins that reserve amino acids for later use

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of cytochromes in cellular processes. Cytochromes are proteins that contain a heme group, which is a prosthetic group with an iron atom capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction. This makes them essential for electron transfer reactions.

Recall the function of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is a series of protein complexes and molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from electron donors (like NADH and FADH2) to oxygen, ultimately producing ATP.

Recognize that cytochromes are integral to the ETC. They act as electron carriers, transferring electrons between complexes in the chain. The heme group in cytochromes alternates between reduced (Fe²⁺) and oxidized (Fe³⁺) states during this process.

Eliminate incorrect options by matching the description of cytochromes to their function. For example, cytochromes are not structural proteins, enzymes for peptide bond hydrolysis, or storage proteins. Instead, they are heme-containing proteins involved in electron transport.

Conclude that the correct description of cytochromes is: 'heme-containing proteins that function as electron carriers in the electron transport chain.' This matches their biochemical role in cellular respiration.