Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

3. Amino Acids

Amino Acid Groups

Biochemistry

3. Amino Acids

Amino Acid Groups

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Multiple Choice

Which groups of amino acids are covalently linked to form the primary structure of a protein?

R groups (side chains)

Amino and carboxyl groups

Phosphate groups

Hydroxyl groups

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the primary structure of a protein: The primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, linked by covalent bonds.

Recognize the type of covalent bond involved: Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, which are formed between the amino group (-NH₂) of one amino acid and the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another.

Clarify the role of R groups (side chains): R groups are not directly involved in forming the peptide bonds that create the primary structure. They contribute to the chemical properties and interactions of the amino acids but are not part of the covalent linkage in the primary structure.

Exclude other groups: Phosphate groups and hydroxyl groups are not involved in forming the primary structure of proteins. These groups may play roles in other biochemical processes or structures, but they are not part of the covalent linkage in the primary structure.

Summarize the correct answer: The primary structure of a protein is formed by covalent bonds between the amino group (-NH₂) and the carboxyl group (-COOH) of adjacent amino acids, creating a peptide bond.