Multiple Choice
In the context of Gibbs free energy, when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), what is released?
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1. Introduction to Biochemistry
Gibbs Free Energy
Multiple Choice
In the context of Gibbs free energy, how does ATP become ADP during a typical cellular energy-yielding reaction?
A
ATP becomes ADP primarily by oxidation of its adenine base, producing ADP and as a byproduct.
B
ATP becomes ADP by breaking the glycosidic bond between adenine and ribose, yielding free ribose and adenine.
C
ATP is hydrolyzed by water to form ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing free energy:
D
ATP is phosphorylated to ADP by adding an inorganic phosphate group, which increases the free energy of the products.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency in the cell, and its conversion to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) releases energy that the cell can use for various processes.
Recognize that the key chemical reaction involves the hydrolysis of ATP, where a water molecule breaks the bond between the terminal (gamma) phosphate group and the rest of the ATP molecule.
Write the hydrolysis reaction as: \(\text{ATP} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{H}^+\), where \(\text{P}_i\) represents inorganic phosphate.
Note that this reaction releases free energy because the products (ADP and inorganic phosphate) are at a lower free energy state compared to ATP, making the process exergonic and favorable under cellular conditions.
Understand that this hydrolysis does not involve oxidation of the adenine base nor breaking the glycosidic bond; instead, it specifically involves breaking the high-energy phosphoanhydride bond between phosphate groups.
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