Multiple Choice
In the context of Gibbs free energy, energy is released from ATP when which process occurs?
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1. Introduction to Biochemistry
Gibbs Free Energy
Multiple Choice
In the context of Gibbs free energy, when ATP is hydrolyzed (loses a terminal phosphate group to form ADP and inorganic phosphate), what is released that can be used to drive cellular work?
A
A net gain of Gibbs free energy () stored in ATP products
B
Free energy (a decrease in Gibbs free energy, )
C
Molecular oxygen () as a direct product of ATP phosphate loss
D
Only heat energy, with no change in Gibbs free energy ()
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that Gibbs free energy (\$\(\Delta\) G\$) indicates the spontaneity of a reaction: if \$\(\Delta\) G < 0\$, the reaction releases free energy and can do work; if \$\(\Delta\) G > 0\$, the reaction requires energy input.
Recognize that ATP hydrolysis involves breaking the bond between the terminal phosphate group of ATP, producing ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This reaction is exergonic, meaning it releases energy.
Recall that the hydrolysis of ATP results in a negative change in Gibbs free energy (\$\(\Delta\) G < 0\$), indicating that free energy is released during the process.
Identify that the released free energy from ATP hydrolysis is what cells harness to drive various energy-requiring processes, such as muscle contraction, active transport, and biosynthesis.
Note that molecular oxygen (\$O_2\$) is not a direct product of ATP hydrolysis, and the reaction does not simply release heat without a change in Gibbs free energy; rather, it releases usable free energy.
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