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Multiple Choice
In glycolysis, ATP is produced directly by which process?
A
Substrate-level phosphorylation
B
Photophosphorylation in chloroplast thylakoid membranes
C
Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain
D
ATP synthase driven by a proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane
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Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand that glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP in the process.
Recognize that ATP can be produced by different mechanisms: substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, and photophosphorylation.
Identify that substrate-level phosphorylation involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP, forming ATP without the involvement of an electron transport chain or proton gradient.
Recall that oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation both rely on electron transport chains and proton gradients to drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, which is not the mechanism used in glycolysis.
Conclude that in glycolysis, ATP is produced directly by substrate-level phosphorylation, where enzymes catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups to ADP to form ATP.