Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

12. Biosignaling

Introduction to Biosignaling

Biochemistry

12. Biosignaling

Introduction to Biosignaling

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Multiple Choice

The binding of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones, to their receptors triggers which of the following cellular responses?

Activation of G protein-coupled receptors on the plasma membrane

Direct regulation of gene transcription in the nucleus

Opening of ligand-gated ion channels

Rapid production of second messengers like cAMP

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the nature of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones. These molecules are hydrophobic and can easily pass through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane due to their solubility in lipids.

Step 2: Recognize that lipophilic messengers typically bind to intracellular receptors rather than membrane-bound receptors. These receptors are often located in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Step 3: Learn that upon binding to their receptors, steroid hormones form a hormone-receptor complex. This complex then translocates to the nucleus if it is not already there.

Step 4: In the nucleus, the hormone-receptor complex directly interacts with specific DNA sequences called hormone response elements (HREs). This interaction regulates the transcription of target genes.

Step 5: Understand that this mechanism leads to the direct regulation of gene transcription, which is a slower but more sustained cellular response compared to mechanisms involving second messengers or ion channels.