Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

3. Amino Acids

Amino Acid Configuration

Biochemistry

3. Amino Acids

Amino Acid Configuration

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Multiple Choice

If an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase adds the wrong amino acid to a tRNA, what is the most likely consequence during protein synthesis?

The incorrect amino acid will be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain at the codon recognized by the tRNA.

The ribosome will detect the error and remove the incorrect amino acid from the tRNA before translation continues.

The mRNA will be modified to match the incorrect amino acid attached to the tRNA.

The tRNA will be degraded immediately by cellular quality control mechanisms before it reaches the ribosome.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: These enzymes are responsible for attaching the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA based on the anticodon sequence of the tRNA. This process is critical for accurate translation during protein synthesis.

Recognize the consequences of an error: If an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase attaches the wrong amino acid to a tRNA, the ribosome cannot distinguish the error because it relies solely on the anticodon of the tRNA to match the mRNA codon during translation.

Analyze the impact on protein synthesis: The incorrect amino acid will be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain at the position specified by the mRNA codon. This can lead to a misfolded or dysfunctional protein, depending on the nature of the substitution.

Clarify why the ribosome cannot detect the error: The ribosome does not have a mechanism to verify the identity of the amino acid attached to the tRNA. Its function is to ensure codon-anticodon pairing between the mRNA and tRNA during translation.

Explain why other options are unlikely: The mRNA sequence is not modified to match the incorrect amino acid, and the tRNA is not immediately degraded by cellular quality control mechanisms. Instead, the error persists and affects the resulting protein.