Multiple Choice
Which of the following are secondary messengers produced in the PSP pathway?
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12. Biosignaling
Phosphoinositide GPCR Signaling
Multiple Choice
In cells, epinephrine binding to the α-adrenergic receptor activates G αq. All of the following happen EXCEPT:
A
Protein Kinase C activity will be decreased.
B
Inositol triphosphate will cause the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum.
C
Increased binding of Ca2+ to the calmodulin will occur.
D
Increased Ca2+-Calmodulin complex will bind to and activate calmodulin-binding proteins.
E
Protein Kinase C will be activated by increased levels of diacylglycerol.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of epinephrine binding to the α-adrenergic receptor, which activates the G protein Gαq. This activation leads to a cascade of intracellular events.
Recognize that Gαq activation leads to the activation of phospholipase C (PLC), which catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
IP3 is responsible for the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm, increasing intracellular calcium levels.
Increased Ca2+ levels lead to the binding of calcium to calmodulin, forming a Ca2+-Calmodulin complex. This complex can activate various calmodulin-binding proteins, affecting multiple cellular processes.
Diacylglycerol (DAG) remains in the membrane and activates Protein Kinase C (PKC). Therefore, PKC activity is increased, not decreased, as a result of this signaling pathway.
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