What is Biochemistry?
Characteristics of Life
Functional Groups
Chemical Bonds
Properties of Water
Acids and Bases
Buffer Solution
Amino Acid Groups
Amino Acid Three Letter Code
Amino Acid One Letter Code
Amino Acid Configuration
Essential Amino Acids
Nonpolar Amino Acids
Aromatic Amino Acids
Polar Amino Acids
Charged Amino Acids
Zwitterion
Non-Ionizable Vs. Ionizable R-Groups
Isoelectric Point
Isoelectric Point of Amino Acids with Ionizable R-Groups
Titrations of Amino Acids with Non-Ionizable R-Groups
Titrations of Amino Acids with Ionizable R-Groups
Amino Acids and Henderson-Hasselbalch
Protein Purification
Protein Extraction
Differential Centrifugation
Column Chromatography
Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Anion-Exchange Chromatography
Size Exclusion Chromatography
Affinity Chromatography
Specific Activity
HPLC
Spectrophotometry
Native Gel Electrophoresis
SDS-PAGE Strategies
Isoelectric Focusing
2D-Electrophoresis
Diagonal Electrophoresis
Mass Spectrometry
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Peptide Mass Fingerprinting
Overview of Direct Protein Sequencing
Amino Acid Hydrolysis
Chemical Cleavage of Bonds
Edman Degradation
Edman Degradation Sequenator and Sequencing Data Analysis
Edman Degradation Reaction Efficiency
Ordering Cleaved Fragments
Strategy for Ordering Cleaved Fragments
Indirect Protein Sequencing Via Geneomic Analyses
Primary Structure of Protein
Altering Primary Protein Structure
Drawing a Peptide
Determining Net Charge of a Peptide
Isoelectric Point of a Peptide
Approximating Protein Mass
Ramachandran Plot
Atypical Ramachandran Plots
Alpha Helix Pitch and Rise
Alpha Helix Hydrogen Bonding
Alpha Helix Disruption
Antiparallel and Parallel Beta Sheets
Tertiary Structure of Protein
Protein Motifs and Domains
Anfinsen Experiment
Protein Folding
Chaperone Proteins
Prions
Quaternary Structure
Simple Vs. Conjugated Proteins
Fibrous and Globular Proteins
Introduction to Protein-Ligand Interactions
Protein-Ligand Equilibrium Constants
Protein-Ligand Fractional Saturation
Myoglobin vs. Hemoglobin
Heme Prosthetic Group
Hemoglobin Cooperativity
Hill Equation
Hill Plot
Hemoglobin Binding in Tissues & Lungs
Hemoglobin Carbonation & Protonation
BPG Regulation of Hemoglobin
Fetal Hemoglobin
Sickle Cell Anemia
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Lock and Key Vs. Induced Fit Models
Optimal Enzyme Conditions
Activation Energy
Types of Enzymes
Electrostatic and Metal Ion Catalysis
Covalent Catalysis
Reaction Rate
Enzyme Kinetics
Rate Constants and Rate Law
Reaction Orders
Rate Constant Units
Initial Velocity
Km Enzyme
Steady-State Conditions
Michaelis-Menten Assumptions
Michaelis-Menten Equation
Lineweaver-Burk Plot
Michaelis-Menten vs. Lineweaver-Burk Plots
Shifting Lineweaver-Burk Plots
Calculating Vmax
Calculating Km
Kcat
Specificity Constant
Chymotrypsin's Catalytic Mechanism
Enzyme Inhibition
Irreversible Inhibition
Reversible Inhibition
Inhibition Constant
Degree of Inhibition
Apparent Km and Vmax
Inhibition Effects on Reaction Rate
Competitive Inhibition
Uncompetitive Inhibition
Mixed Inhibition
Noncompetitive Inhibition
Recap of Reversible Inhibition
Allosteric Regulation
Allosteric Kinetics
Allosteric Enzyme Conformations
Allosteric Effectors
Concerted (MWC) Model
Sequential (KNF) Model
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback
Post Translational Modification
Ubiquitination
Phosphorylation
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Liver vs Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase
Introduction to Biosignaling
G protein-Coupled Receptors
Stimulatory Adenylate Cyclase GPCR Signaling
cAMP & PKA
Inhibitory Adenylate Cyclase GPCR Signaling
Drugs & Toxins Affecting GPCR Signaling
Recap of Adenylate Cyclase GPCR Signaling
Phosphoinositide GPCR Signaling
PSP Secondary Messengers & PKC
Recap of Phosphoinositide Signaling
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Insulin
Insulin Receptor
Insulin Signaling on Glucose Metabolism
Insulin Signaling as a Growth Factor
Recap of Insulin Signaling
Jak-Stat Signaling
Lipid Hormone Signaling
Summary of Biosignaling
Signaling Defects & Cancer
Nucleic Acids
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