Question 1

Which of the following best describes the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, and G pairs with C

Question 2

If the sense strand of DNA has the sequence $$5'\,GACGGTAATGAC\,3'$$, what is the sequence of the antisense strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'\,CTGCCATTGCTG\,5'$$

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for relieving strain ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 4

During the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), what is the primary function of primers?

Accepted Answer

To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following statements about RNA is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

RNA is usually double-stranded in eukaryotic cells

Question 6

What is the correct order of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Replication $$\rightarrow$$ Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ Translation

Question 7

A mutation in the DNA sequence that changes a single nucleotide and is present in more than 1% of the population is called:

Accepted Answer

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Unwinding the DNA double helix

Question 9

In sickle cell anemia, a mutation leads to the substitution of which amino acid in the hemoglobin protein?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid is replaced by valine

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of nucleic acid sequencing?

Accepted Answer

The process of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA or RNA

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

Question 12

During translation, what is the role of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

Question 13

Which of the following steps in PCR is responsible for separating the DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

Strand separation at $$94^\circ C$$

Question 14

Which enzyme seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 15

A researcher wants to amplify a specific gene from a mixture of DNA. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why DNA replication is described as 'semi-conservative'?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule contains one parental and one daughter strand

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of PCR?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying DNA for forensic analysis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about single-stranded DNA is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is rare and mainly found in certain viruses

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a template for protein synthesis

Question 20

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein is called:

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Nucleic Acids: Structure, Function, and Genetic Information

Study Guide - Practice Questions