Question 1

Which of the following drugs acts as an indirect cholinergic agonist by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and is commonly used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

Neostigmine

Question 2

A patient is prescribed a medication that increases the release of noradrenaline from presynaptic nerve terminals. Which of the following drugs is most likely responsible for this effect?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine

Question 3

Which mechanism best explains how cocaine increases the concentration of noradrenaline (NE) at the synapse?

Accepted Answer

Blocks the uptake-1 transporter for NE

Question 4

Alpha-methylnorepinephrine is considered a 'false transmitter.' What is its primary effect on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

It decreases sympathetic outflow, lowering blood pressure

Question 5

Which of the following is a functional advantage of co-transmission at postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Co-transmitters may be removed or inactivated more slowly, producing longer-lasting effects

Question 6

Which of the following drugs is a non-selective alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist used to treat hypertension in pheochromocytoma?

Accepted Answer

Phenoxybenzamine

Question 7

A patient with angina and hypertension is prescribed propranolol. Which of the following side effects is most likely to occur due to its non-selective beta-blocking action?

Accepted Answer

Aggravation of asthma

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors in adrenergic transmission?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit the catabolism of noradrenaline, increasing its concentration at the presynaptic nerve terminal

Question 9

Which adrenoceptor subtype is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate and force of contraction in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

$$\$$beta_1$$

Question 10

A patient is treated for benign prostatic hypertrophy with a selective alpha-1 antagonist. Which of the following drugs is most likely prescribed?

Accepted Answer

Prazosin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a homotropic interaction in neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

A neurotransmitter affects its own release via autoreceptors

Question 12

Which of the following drugs is a cardio-selective beta-blocker that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Metoprolol

Question 13

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the longer-lasting effects of some co-transmitters compared to the major neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Co-transmitters may be removed or inactivated more slowly than the major neurotransmitter

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is an indirect adrenergic agonist that blocks the uptake-1 of noradrenaline?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine

Question 15

A patient with depression is prescribed a drug that inhibits the catabolism of noradrenaline at the axoplasm. Which drug is most likely prescribed?

Accepted Answer

Selegiline

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct equation for the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ACh} + \mathrm{H_2O} \xrightarrow{AChE} \mathrm{Choline} + \mathrm{Acetate}$$

Question 17

Which of the following neurotransmitters is preferentially released at high stimulation frequencies from postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

Question 18

Which of the following drugs is both an alpha and beta adrenoceptor antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Carvedilol

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of beta-2 adrenoceptor activation in smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of smooth muscle

Question 20

A patient is experiencing nightmares and sedation after starting a new medication for hypertension. Which drug is most likely responsible for these CNS side effects?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Pharmacological Modification of Chemical Transmission: Indirect Agonists, False Transmitters, Feedback, and Receptor Antagonists

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