Multiple Choice
In the context of gene expression, what does 'redundancy' refer to?
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16. Regulation of Expression
Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
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In the regulation of gene expression, how do activators and repressors affect the process of transcription?
A
Activators decrease transcription by binding to silencers, while repressors increase transcription by binding to enhancers.
B
Both activators and repressors increase transcription by binding to promoters.
C
Activators and repressors have no effect on transcription; they only affect translation.
D
Activators increase transcription by binding to enhancers, while repressors decrease transcription by binding to silencers.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of transcription in gene expression: Transcription is the process by which the information in a gene's DNA is transferred to messenger RNA (mRNA), which then carries the code to produce proteins.
Identify the function of activators: Activators are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences known as enhancers. This binding facilitates the recruitment of RNA polymerase to the promoter region, thereby increasing the rate of transcription.
Identify the function of repressors: Repressors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences known as silencers. This binding inhibits the recruitment of RNA polymerase to the promoter region, thereby decreasing the rate of transcription.
Distinguish between enhancers and silencers: Enhancers are DNA sequences that increase the likelihood of transcription when bound by activators, while silencers are DNA sequences that decrease transcription when bound by repressors.
Summarize the effects of activators and repressors: Activators increase transcription by binding to enhancers, while repressors decrease transcription by binding to silencers, thus regulating gene expression.
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