Multiple Choice
Which enzyme is responsible for joining individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA during DNA replication?
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7. Energy and Metabolism
Enzymes
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How does the lock-and-key model describe the way an enzyme interacts with its substrate?
A
The enzyme changes its shape to fit any substrate, similar to a lock that can adjust to any key.
B
The enzyme and substrate are held together by strong covalent bonds, like a lock is welded to a key.
C
The enzyme's active site has a specific shape that fits only a particular substrate, like a key fits into a specific lock.
D
The enzyme breaks down after each reaction, similar to a lock that is destroyed after being opened.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They are highly specific to the reactions they catalyze.
Learn about the lock-and-key model: This model explains enzyme specificity by comparing the enzyme's active site to a lock and the substrate to a key. The active site has a specific shape that matches only a particular substrate.
Clarify the interaction: The substrate binds to the enzyme's active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This binding is highly specific, meaning only substrates with the correct shape can fit into the active site.
Debunk misconceptions: The enzyme does not change its shape to fit any substrate (this would describe the induced fit model, not the lock-and-key model). Additionally, enzymes are not destroyed after each reaction; they remain intact and can catalyze multiple reactions.
Conclude with the correct analogy: The lock-and-key model emphasizes that the enzyme's active site is like a lock that fits only a specific key (substrate), ensuring precise and efficient catalysis.
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