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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true about the concept of species?
A
All individuals within a species must be genetically identical.
B
A species is typically defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
C
Species are always defined solely by physical appearance.
D
Members of different species can always produce fertile offspring together.
Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Begin by understanding the concept of 'species' in biology. A species is typically defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring under natural conditions. This definition is known as the Biological Species Concept.
Step 2: Evaluate the first statement: 'All individuals within a species must be genetically identical.' This is incorrect because genetic variation exists within a species due to mutations, genetic recombination, and other factors. Genetic diversity is essential for adaptation and survival.
Step 3: Evaluate the second statement: 'A species is typically defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.' This aligns with the Biological Species Concept and is generally accepted as the correct definition.
Step 4: Evaluate the third statement: 'Species are always defined solely by physical appearance.' This is incorrect because physical appearance alone can be misleading due to convergent evolution or phenotypic plasticity. Genetic, behavioral, and reproductive criteria are also considered.
Step 5: Evaluate the fourth statement: 'Members of different species can always produce fertile offspring together.' This is incorrect because while members of different species may sometimes interbreed (e.g., producing hybrids), these offspring are often sterile or have reduced fertility, which prevents gene flow between species.