Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a way that ionizing radiation can alter DNA structure?
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15. Gene Expression
Mutations
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Based on scientific research, which statement best describes mutations?
A
Mutations only occur in response to environmental stress.
B
Mutations cannot be inherited by offspring.
C
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful.
D
Mutations always result in harmful effects on an organism.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the definition of mutations: Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. These changes can occur naturally during DNA replication or be induced by external factors such as radiation or chemicals.
Evaluate the first statement: 'Mutations only occur in response to environmental stress.' This is incorrect because mutations can occur spontaneously without any external influence, such as during DNA replication errors.
Evaluate the second statement: 'Mutations cannot be inherited by offspring.' This is incorrect because mutations in germline cells (sperm or egg) can be passed on to offspring, while mutations in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) cannot.
Evaluate the third statement: 'Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful.' This is correct because mutations can have a range of effects depending on their nature and location in the genome. Some mutations may confer advantages, others may have no effect, and some may be detrimental.
Evaluate the fourth statement: 'Mutations always result in harmful effects on an organism.' This is incorrect because not all mutations are harmful; some are neutral or even beneficial, contributing to genetic diversity and evolution.
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