Multiple Choice
What is the most likely consequence if a DNA molecule copies itself incorrectly during replication?
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15. Gene Expression
Mutations
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In the context of colon cells, what is the typical effect of each successive mutation during the progression of colorectal cancer?
A
Each mutation causes the cell to undergo immediate apoptosis.
B
Each mutation repairs previous genetic damage, restoring normal cell function.
C
Each mutation decreases the cell's ability to divide.
D
Each mutation increases the likelihood of uncontrolled cell growth.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the context of the problem: Colorectal cancer progression involves genetic mutations in colon cells. These mutations typically affect genes that regulate cell growth, division, and apoptosis.
Recall the role of mutations in cancer: Mutations in oncogenes (genes that promote cell division) or tumor suppressor genes (genes that inhibit cell division or promote apoptosis) can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
Analyze the incorrect options: Immediate apoptosis is not typical because cancer cells often evade programmed cell death. Repairing genetic damage is not a characteristic of cancer progression, as mutations accumulate rather than being corrected. Decreased ability to divide contradicts the hallmark of cancer, which is increased cell division.
Focus on the correct option: Each successive mutation increases the likelihood of uncontrolled cell growth by disrupting normal regulatory mechanisms, such as those controlled by tumor suppressor genes (e.g., p53) or oncogenes (e.g., KRAS).
Conclude the explanation: The accumulation of mutations leads to a loss of control over cell division, enabling the cancerous cells to proliferate unchecked, which is a defining feature of colorectal cancer progression.
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