Multiple Choice
Which of the following signs is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer?
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11. Cell Division
Cancer
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Which of the following steps occurs last during cancer progression?
A
Loss of tumor suppressor gene function
B
Uncontrolled cell proliferation
C
Angiogenesis
D
Metastasis
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the key terms: Cancer progression involves multiple steps, including genetic mutations and cellular changes. Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body, which is typically the final stage of cancer progression.
Review the sequence of events in cancer progression: It generally starts with genetic mutations, such as the loss of tumor suppressor gene function, which removes the cell's ability to regulate growth and division.
Next, uncontrolled cell proliferation occurs. This is when cells begin dividing uncontrollably due to the loss of regulatory mechanisms, forming a tumor.
Angiogenesis follows, where the tumor stimulates the formation of new blood vessels to supply it with oxygen and nutrients, enabling further growth.
Finally, metastasis occurs. This is the last step in cancer progression, where cancer cells break away from the primary tumor, travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and establish new tumors in other parts of the body.
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