Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a cellular response to signal transduction?
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10. Cell Signaling
Introduction to Cell Signaling
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Join thousands of students who trust us to help them ace their exams!Watch the first videoMultiple Choice
How does the Ras protein transmit a signal from outside the cell into the cytoplasm?
A
By transporting ions across the cell membrane
B
By forming a pore in the cell membrane
C
By activating a series of kinases in a signaling cascade
D
By directly binding to DNA and initiating transcription
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that Ras is a small GTPase, which is a type of protein that binds to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). It plays a crucial role in transmitting signals from outside the cell to the inside.
Recognize that Ras is part of a larger signaling pathway known as the MAPK/ERK pathway, which is involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival.
When a signal, such as a growth factor, binds to a receptor on the cell surface, it activates the receptor's intrinsic kinase activity, leading to the recruitment and activation of Ras.
Once activated, Ras binds to GTP and undergoes a conformational change, which allows it to interact with and activate a series of downstream kinases, starting with the activation of Raf kinase.
This activation of Raf kinase leads to a phosphorylation cascade involving MEK and ERK kinases, ultimately resulting in the transmission of the signal into the cytoplasm and nucleus, affecting various cellular processes.
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