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Multiple Choice
Which description applies to epigenetic gene regulation?
A
It involves changes to the DNA sequence that affect gene expression.
B
It involves modifications to DNA or histones that do not change the DNA sequence but affect gene expression.
C
It involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA.
D
It involves the direct synthesis of proteins from DNA.
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the concept of epigenetics: Epigenetic gene regulation refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence itself. Instead, it involves modifications to DNA or histones.
Learn about DNA methylation: One common epigenetic modification is the addition of methyl groups to DNA, particularly at cytosine bases. This can affect gene expression by altering the accessibility of the DNA to transcription machinery.
Explore histone modification: Histones are proteins around which DNA is wrapped. Chemical modifications to histones, such as acetylation or methylation, can influence how tightly DNA is wound around them, affecting gene expression.
Distinguish from other processes: Unlike epigenetic regulation, processes like the removal of introns from pre-mRNA (splicing) or direct synthesis of proteins from DNA (translation) involve changes at the RNA or protein level, not modifications to DNA or histones.
Recognize the impact: Epigenetic modifications can be influenced by environmental factors and can be reversible, playing a crucial role in development, differentiation, and disease.