Multiple Choice
In the context of natural selection, how does the chance of survival typically change for individuals with traits that are less well-adapted to their environment?
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1. Introduction to Biology
Natural Selection and Evolution
Multiple Choice
Which term best describes a heritable trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in a particular environment?
A
Adaptation
B
Genetic drift
C
Mutation
D
Speciation
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Begin by understanding the concept of a heritable trait. A heritable trait is a characteristic passed from parent to offspring through genetic material (DNA). These traits can influence an organism's ability to survive and reproduce.
Step 2: Define the term 'adaptation.' Adaptation refers to a heritable trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. It is shaped by natural selection over generations.
Step 3: Clarify the other terms provided in the options: 'Genetic drift' refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, which may not necessarily increase survival or reproduction. 'Mutation' is a change in the DNA sequence, which can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful. 'Speciation' is the process by which new species arise, not directly related to individual traits increasing survival.
Step 4: Compare the definitions and identify which term aligns best with the description of a heritable trait that increases survival and reproduction. Adaptation fits this description because it directly relates to traits that improve fitness in a given environment.
Step 5: Conclude that the term 'adaptation' is the correct answer, as it specifically describes a heritable trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.
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