Multiple Choice
DNA ligase functions in which of the following processes?
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14. DNA Synthesis
DNA Repair
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What is the primary function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?
A
It joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming phosphodiester bonds.
B
It unwinds the DNA double helix to initiate replication.
C
It synthesizes RNA primers to start DNA synthesis.
D
It proofreads newly synthesized DNA for errors.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the context of DNA replication: DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before cell division. It involves several enzymes, each with a specific role.
Identify the role of DNA ligase: DNA ligase is an enzyme that plays a critical role in joining DNA fragments, specifically on the lagging strand during replication.
Recall the concept of Okazaki fragments: During replication, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments. These fragments need to be joined together to form a continuous strand.
Explain the mechanism of DNA ligase: DNA ligase facilitates the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the 3' hydroxyl group of one fragment and the 5' phosphate group of the next fragment, effectively sealing the gaps between Okazaki fragments.
Clarify why other options are incorrect: DNA ligase does not unwind the DNA double helix (this is the role of helicase), synthesize RNA primers (this is the role of primase), or proofread DNA for errors (this is the role of DNA polymerase).
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