Multiple Choice
Which factor is most likely to cause an increase in the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?
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15. Gene Expression
Mutations
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What is the primary difference between somatic and germ-line mutations?
A
Somatic mutations affect the entire organism, while germ-line mutations only affect a single cell.
B
Somatic mutations are always beneficial, whereas germ-line mutations are always harmful.
C
Somatic mutations can be inherited, while germ-line mutations cannot.
D
Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells and are not passed to offspring, while germ-line mutations occur in reproductive cells and can be inherited.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the definition of somatic mutations: These are changes in the DNA that occur in non-reproductive cells. They can affect the individual organism but are not passed on to offspring.
Understand the definition of germ-line mutations: These are changes in the DNA that occur in reproductive cells (sperm or eggs). These mutations can be passed on to the next generation, affecting the offspring.
Identify the key difference: Somatic mutations affect only the individual and are not inherited, while germ-line mutations can be inherited by the next generation.
Consider the implications: Since somatic mutations are not passed to offspring, they do not contribute to genetic variation in a population. In contrast, germ-line mutations can introduce new genetic variations.
Evaluate the options given in the problem: The correct statement is that somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells and are not passed to offspring, while germ-line mutations occur in reproductive cells and can be inherited.
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