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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by both primary and secondary succession?
A
Both involve the gradual replacement of one community by another over time.
B
Both require pioneer species to break down bare rock into soil.
C
Both begin on surfaces where no soil is present.
D
Both start after a volcanic eruption creates new land.
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the definitions of primary and secondary succession: Primary succession occurs in areas where no soil exists initially (e.g., after a volcanic eruption), while secondary succession occurs in areas where soil is already present but the ecosystem has been disturbed (e.g., after a forest fire).
Identify the shared characteristic between primary and secondary succession: Both involve the gradual replacement of one community by another over time, as ecosystems progress toward a stable climax community.
Analyze the role of pioneer species: Pioneer species are crucial in primary succession to break down bare rock into soil, but they are not necessarily required in secondary succession since soil is already present.
Evaluate the starting conditions: Primary succession begins on surfaces where no soil is present, while secondary succession starts in areas with existing soil. This is not a shared characteristic.
Consider the context of volcanic eruptions: Volcanic eruptions typically create new land, which is relevant to primary succession but not secondary succession. This is not a shared characteristic.