Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a possible product of translation in the process of protein synthesis?
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15. Gene Expression
Introduction to Translation
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How do ribosomes use mRNA and tRNA to assemble proteins during translation?
A
Ribosomes directly synthesize amino acids and link them together to form proteins.
B
Ribosomes use mRNA to transport amino acids to the nucleus for protein assembly.
C
Ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and use tRNA to add amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
D
Ribosomes convert tRNA into mRNA to initiate protein synthesis.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of ribosomes in translation: Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating the genetic code carried by mRNA into a sequence of amino acids.
Recognize the function of mRNA: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
Identify the role of tRNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence of the mRNA. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with a specific mRNA codon.
Describe the process of translation: During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence in sets of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid, which is brought to the ribosome by the corresponding tRNA.
Explain the assembly of the polypeptide chain: As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, tRNA molecules continue to bring amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds to form a growing polypeptide chain, eventually resulting in a complete protein.
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