Multiple Choice
What is one major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes with respect to translation?
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15. Gene Expression
Introduction to Translation
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What is the function of the release factor in translation?
A
It initiates the assembly of the ribosomal subunits.
B
It recognizes the stop codon and promotes the release of the polypeptide chain.
C
It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
D
It facilitates the binding of tRNA to the ribosome.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the process of translation: Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein. This occurs in the ribosome, where mRNA is read in sets of three nucleotides called codons.
Identify the role of the release factor: In translation, the release factor is a protein that plays a crucial role in terminating protein synthesis. It is not involved in the initiation of ribosomal assembly, peptide bond formation, or tRNA binding.
Recognize the stop codon: During translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, adding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain until it encounters a stop codon. Stop codons are specific sequences in the mRNA that signal the end of translation.
Explain the function of the release factor: The release factor recognizes the stop codon on the mRNA. Once the stop codon is reached, the release factor binds to the ribosome, prompting the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain from the tRNA in the P site.
Conclude the translation process: After the release factor facilitates the release of the polypeptide, the ribosomal subunits disassemble, and the mRNA is released, completing the translation process.
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