Multiple Choice
What does the endosymbiotic theory state?
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5. Cell Components
Endosymbiotic Theory
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According to the endosymbiotic theory, how did mitochondria and chloroplasts arise in eukaryotic cells?
A
They developed independently within eukaryotic cells from existing organelles.
B
They originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.
C
They were formed from the fusion of multiple eukaryotic cells.
D
They were created through the division of existing eukaryotic organelles.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the endosymbiotic theory: This theory suggests that certain organelles in eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated from free-living prokaryotes.
Recognize the key concept of engulfment: According to the theory, ancestral eukaryotic cells engulfed these prokaryotic cells, which then became integral parts of the eukaryotic cell.
Identify the evidence supporting the theory: Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to bacterial DNA, and they replicate independently within the cell, supporting the idea of their prokaryotic origin.
Consider the evolutionary advantage: The engulfed prokaryotes provided benefits to the host cell, such as energy production in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts, leading to a symbiotic relationship.
Reflect on the implications: The endosymbiotic theory explains the presence of double membranes in these organelles and their similarities to prokaryotic cells, highlighting a significant evolutionary event in the development of complex life forms.
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