Multiple Choice
Where does the process of translation take place in eukaryotic cells?
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15. Gene Expression
Introduction to Translation
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What happens during translation in the process of protein synthesis?
A
Proteins are broken down into amino acids
B
DNA is replicated to form two identical DNA molecules
C
mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide chain
D
RNA is transcribed from a DNA template
Verified step by step guidance1
Translation is the process in protein synthesis where the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to build a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein.
The process begins when the mRNA, which has been transcribed from DNA, binds to a ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, recognize and bind to the codons on the mRNA through their anticodon regions.
As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, tRNA molecules sequentially bring amino acids to the ribosome, which are then linked together by peptide bonds to form a growing polypeptide chain.
The process continues until a stop codon on the mRNA is reached, signaling the end of translation and releasing the newly synthesized polypeptide chain to undergo folding and modifications to become a functional protein.
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