Multiple Choice
Which types of organisms are typically the first to colonize an area during primary succession?
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48. Ecology
Introduction to Ecology
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Which of the following correctly lists the four main steps of pond succession in order?
A
Eutrophication, climax forest, pioneer stage, aquatic stage
B
Primary succession, secondary succession, climax community, disturbance
C
Pioneer stage, submergent plant stage, emergent plant stage, marsh/meadow stage
D
Bare rock, lichen-moss, shrub, forest
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of ecological succession, which is the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. Pond succession specifically refers to the transformation of a pond ecosystem into a terrestrial ecosystem.
Step 2: Recognize the stages of pond succession. The correct sequence is: Pioneer stage, submergent plant stage, emergent plant stage, and marsh/meadow stage. Each stage represents a gradual change in the ecosystem's structure and species composition.
Step 3: Begin with the Pioneer stage, where the pond is newly formed and colonized by microorganisms and algae. These organisms start the process of nutrient accumulation.
Step 4: Move to the Submergent plant stage, where submerged aquatic plants begin to grow as nutrients accumulate. These plants contribute organic matter to the pond, further enriching the environment.
Step 5: Progress to the Emergent plant stage, where plants that grow above the water surface start to dominate. Finally, the Marsh/Meadow stage occurs as the pond fills with sediment and organic matter, transitioning into a terrestrial ecosystem.
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