Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

13. Mendelian Genetics

Incomplete Dominance vs. Codominance

General Biology

13. Mendelian Genetics

Incomplete Dominance vs. Codominance

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3:27 minutes

Problem 5

Textbook Question

A man with type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children of which of the following phenotypes?
a. A or B only
b. AB only
c. AB or O
d. A, B, AB, or O

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the inheritance of blood types. Blood type is determined by the ABO blood group system, which involves three alleles: I^A (type A), I^B (type B), and i (type O). I^A and I^B are codominant, meaning both can be expressed if inherited together, while i is recessive.

Step 2: Determine the possible genotypes of the parents. A man with type B blood could have the genotype I^B I^B or I^B i, and a woman with type A blood could have the genotype I^A I^A or I^A i.

Step 3: Use a Punnett square to calculate the possible combinations of alleles the children could inherit. Pair each allele from the father with each allele from the mother to determine the offspring's genotypes.

Step 4: Translate the genotypes into phenotypes. For example, I^A I^B results in type AB blood, I^A i results in type A blood, I^B i results in type B blood, and ii results in type O blood.

Step 5: Analyze the results from the Punnett square to determine all possible phenotypes of the children. Based on the combinations, the children could have blood types A, B, AB, or O.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Blood Type Inheritance

Blood type is determined by the ABO gene, which has three alleles: A, B, and O. Each person inherits one allele from each parent, leading to four possible blood types: A (AA or AO), B (BB or BO), AB (AB), and O (OO). Understanding how these alleles combine is crucial for predicting the blood types of offspring.

Genotype and Phenotype

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, while phenotype is the observable expression of that genotype. For blood types, the genotype determines the phenotype, meaning that the combination of alleles inherited from the parents will dictate the blood type of their children.

Punnett Square

A Punnett square is a tool used in genetics to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from two parents. By mapping the alleles of each parent, one can visualize the potential combinations and determine the likelihood of each blood type appearing in their children, aiding in answering questions about inheritance patterns.

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Multiple Choice

Human blood groups are governed by three alleles: I^A, I^B, and i. I^A and I^B are codominant and i is recessive to both. A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children of which of the following phenotypes?

How does codominance at the molecular level help to explain why evolutionary processes haven't resulted in the elimination of the sickle-cell allele among people of African descent?

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Multiple Choice

You cross two true breeding lines of petunia. One produces red flowers and the other white flowers. The F1

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A man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. Their child has type O blood. What are the genotypes of these three individuals? What genotypes, and in what frequencies, would you expect in future offspring from this marriage?

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Multiple Choice

In a genetic cross involving codominant genes, what is the expected phenotype of the offspring if both parents are heterozygous?

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Multiple Choice

What type of inheritance is observed when a pink and yellow flower results from a cross between a red flower and a white flower?

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Multiple Choice

What type of inheritance is demonstrated when two alleles result in a blending of traits in the offspring?