10. Cell Signaling
Signal Amplification
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- Multiple Choice
Kinases and phosphatases are essential to the cell because they:
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What role do phosphatases play in signal transduction pathways?
4556views16rank - Multiple Choice
Phosphorylation cascades are useful signal transduction pathways because they ________.
3081views4rank2comments - Multiple ChoiceIn liver cells, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen. As the signal-transduction pathway progresses, __________.986views
- Textbook Question
The activation of receptor tyrosine kinases is characterized by
a. Dimerization and phosphorylation
b. Dimerization and IP3 binding.
c. A phosphorylation cascade
d. GTP hydrolysis
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Consider this pathway: epinephrine → G protein-coupled receptor → G protein → adenylyl cyclase → cAMP. Identify the second messenger.
a. cAMP
b. G protein
c. GTP
d. Adenylyl cyclase
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Which observation suggested to Sutherland the involvement of a second messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells?
a. Enzymatic activity was proportional to the amount of calcium added to a cell-free extract.
b. Receptor studies indicated that epinephrine was a ligand.
c. Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells.
d. Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine and glycogen phosphorylase were mixed.
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Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following except
a. Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases
b. Activation of protein kinase molecules
c. Activation of G protein-coupled receptors
d. Regulation of transcription by signaling molecules
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