22. Evolution of Populations

Natural selection changes allele frequencies because some _________ survive and reproduce better than others.

a. Alleles

b. Loci

c. Species

d. Individuals

The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a

a. Population.

b. Species.

c. Genus.

d. Hybrid.

How do the phospholipids in archaea differ from those in other cells?

a. They have tails made of unsaturated fatty acids instead of saturated fatty acids.

b. They do not contain hydrocarbon chains.

c. They have isoprenoid tails instead of fatty acid tails.

d. They have two hydrocarbon chains instead of three hydrocarbon chains.

What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?

a. An R-group and a hydroxyl group

b. An N—H group and a (C═O) group

c. An amino group and a hydroxyl group

d. An amino group and a carboxyl group

Why isn't inbreeding considered an evolutionary process?

a. It does not change genotype frequencies.

b. It does not change allele frequencies.

c. It does not occur often enough to be important in evolution.

d. It does not violate the assumptions of the Hardy–Weinberg principle.

Why is genetic drift aptly named? Select True or False for each statement.

T/F It causes allele frequencies to drift up or down randomly.

T/F It occurs when alleles from one population drift into another.

T/F It occurs when mutations drift into a genome.

Which of these functional groups is known to be used for storing large amounts of chemical energy?

a. Amino group

b. Carbonyl group

c. Phosphate group

d. Sulfhydryl group

Evaluate the following statements related to the synthesis of nucleic acids. Select True or False for each statement.

T/F Ribonucleotides are added to the 3′ end of a DNA strand.

T/F Polymerization of nucleic acids occurs by the formation of phosphodiester bonds.

T/F Complementary pairing between sugars is required for copying nucleic acids.

T/F Strands in a double helix are synthesized in an antiparallel orientation.

Evaluate this statement: Gene flow increases the genetic divergence of populations.

True or false? Gene flow can either increase or decrease the average fitness of a population. Explain.