$$\text{Surface area to volume ratio} = \frac{6 \times (\text{side length})^2$}{(\text{side length})^3$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist wants to isolate mitochondria from a cell homogenate. Which step of differential centrifugation should she use?

Accepted Answer

Centrifugation at $$20,000\ g$$ for $$20$$ minutes

Question 3

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes enclosed in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome in a nucleoid.

Question 4

Which microscopy technique would be most appropriate to visualize the three-dimensional surface of a virus particle?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Question 5

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of large amounts of protein

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain acid hydrolases that digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Question 7

What is the main advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows incompatible chemical reactions to occur simultaneously in different organelles.

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Surface area to volume ratio} = \frac{6 	imes (	ext{side length})^2$}{(	ext{side length})^3$}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pore complexes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of RNA and proteins into and out of the nucleus

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and ships proteins received from the rough ER.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins and are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 13

A plant cell stores toxins to deter herbivores. Which organelle is primarily responsible for this function?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 14

Which process describes the engulfment of a bacterium by a white blood cell, followed by its digestion?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis followed by lysosomal degradation

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope is not considered part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It does not participate in the trafficking of proteins or vesicles within the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a cell maximizing its surface area for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intestinal epithelial cells with microvilli

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, allowing passage of certain substances while blocking others.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy?

Accepted Answer

A cell encloses damaged organelles in a membrane, which then fuses with a lysosome for degradation.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why deconvolution microscopy produces sharper images than standard fluorescence microscopy?

Accepted Answer

Deconvolution uses computational methods to remove out-of-focus light, improving contrast and resolution.

Bio 100 LEC Chapter 6 Part 1

Study Guide - Practice Questions