Question 1

Which of the following best explains why capillaries are the primary site of exchange between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

They have thin walls and slow blood flow, maximizing diffusion of gases and nutrients.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons. What is the most likely effect on neuronal signaling?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will not be initiated, preventing signal transmission.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence for information processing in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 4

Which ion has the highest intracellular concentration in a resting mammalian neuron?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K$$^+)$$

Question 5

What is the primary function of the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential by actively transporting ions against their gradients.

Question 6

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes the inside of the cell to become more negative than its resting potential. This is called:

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They nourish, support, and protect neurons.

Question 9

If the resting membrane potential of a neuron is $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$ and the threshold for action potential is $$-55\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what happens if a stimulus depolarizes the membrane to $$-60\ \mathrm{mV}$$?

Accepted Answer

No action potential occurs.

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of veins compared to arteries?

Accepted Answer

Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.

Question 11

A person is exposed to a neurotoxin that prevents the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The postsynaptic cell will not be stimulated.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of sensory neurons?

Accepted Answer

They detect and transmit information about external and internal stimuli to the CNS.

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

A neuron in the spinal cord processes sensory input and relays a signal to a motor neuron.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the all-or-none property of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials only occur if the membrane depolarizes above a threshold value.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a resting neuron is negatively charged relative to the outside?

Accepted Answer

There is a higher concentration of large anions and potassium ions inside, and the membrane is more permeable to K$$^+$$ than Na$$^+.$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating internal organs such as the heart and digestive tract

Question 17

During which phase of the action potential do voltage-gated K$$^+$$ channels open, causing the inside of the neuron to become more negative?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the digestive system, pancreas, and gallbladder.

Question 19

A person is experiencing rapid heartbeat and dilated pupils after a stressful event. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for these changes?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

They receive incoming signals from other neurons.

Animal Responses to the Environment: Nervous System Structure and Function

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